Iron deficiency anemia caused by heavy menstrual periods is a prevalent issue among women of childbearing age.
- Iron deficiency anemia occurs when the body lacks sufficient iron to produce haemoglobin.
- Over 1.6 billion people globally suffer from anemia, with women of childbearing age representing about a third of all cases.
- Iron deficiency is the leading nutritional deficiency worldwide, contributing to at least half of the global anemia burden.
Causes of Iron Deficiency
- Negative iron balance arises due to inadequate dietary iron intake and/or chronic blood loss.
- Heavy menstrual bleeding is a common cause of chronic blood loss in women.
- Adolescents and women with inadequate dietary iron intake, often due to low consumption of meats or green vegetables, are at higher risk.
Impact of Heavy Menstrual Bleeding (HMB)
- HMB can lead to significant iron loss, resulting in iron deficiency and anemia.
- Women with HMB often experience symptoms such as low energy, pallor, breathlessness, and fatigue.
- HMB affects approximately 18–38% of women of reproductive age and may increase as women approach menopause.
Consequences of Iron Deficiency Anemia
- Iron deficiency anemia affects quality of life, productivity, and cognitive function.
- Severe iron deficiency can lead to impaired red blood cell production and overall health deterioration.
- Young women, particularly those with poor diets, may struggle to meet iron needs during their menstrual cycles.
Interventions for Iron Deficiency Anemia
- Daily oral iron supplementation is a common intervention for women.
- Iron supplements have been shown to reduce the prevalence of anemia and improve haemoglobin levels.
- Addressing iron deficiency can enhance physical, cognitive, and psychological health.
Conclusion
Iron deficiency anemia and heavy menstrual bleeding are interconnected conditions that significantly impact the lives of reproductive-aged women. Addressing these issues through appropriate interventions such as iron supplementation and dietary adjustments is essential to improve health outcomes and overall quality of life.
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