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Iron is an essential micronutrient for cell energy and metabolism. Iron deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency worldwide and can lead to decreased extracellular iron in the bone marrow and lower serum ferritin. This deficiency can adversely affect thyroid metabolism, particularly in reproductive-age women and pregnant women. Relationship between Iron and Thyroid Hormones Iron and thyroid hormone metabolism are closely related. Iron is important in the synthesis and metabolism of thyroid hormones, serving as a component of many enzymes involved in the process. Iron deficiency can cause abnormal functioning …

Restless legs syndrome is a common condition where people feel the urge to move their legs, especially in the evening and at night. This can make it hard to sleep well. Many people with Restless legs syndrome have low iron levels in their blood, which may be a possible cause of the condition. Occurrence and Age Group Restless legs syndrome is a common condition, affecting about 7% to 10% of people. Women are more likely to have Restless legs syndrome than men. The prevalence increases with age, especially in adults …

Iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia are significant health problems worldwide, especially for women of reproductive age and during pregnancy. These issues are more common in low-income countries, but they are also prevalent in developed nations. Iron Deficiency in Pregnancy Common Signs and Symptoms Prevention and Treatment High-Risk Factors Global Prevalence of Iron Deficiency and Anemia Recommendations Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016; 2016(4): CD009747. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2020; 223(4): 516–524. Saudi Med J. 2015; 36(2): 146–149. Obstetrics & Gynecology 2021; 138(4): 663-674.  WHO Global Anaemia estimates, 2021 Edition American Society of Hematology …

Iron deficiency anemia caused by heavy menstrual periods is a prevalent issue among women of childbearing age.  Causes of Iron Deficiency Impact of Heavy Menstrual Bleeding (HMB) Consequences of Iron Deficiency Anemia Interventions for Iron Deficiency Anemia Conclusion Iron deficiency anemia and heavy menstrual bleeding are interconnected conditions that significantly impact the lives of reproductive-aged women. Addressing these issues through appropriate interventions such as iron supplementation and dietary adjustments is essential to improve health outcomes and overall quality of life. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Apr; 2016(4): CD009747. Int J Gynaecol …

Iron is a critical nutrient for human health due to its vital roles in oxygen transport, cell division, and gene function (expression). It exists in two forms in food sources: Iron from non-vegetarian source, primarily found in animal products such as meat, fish, and poultry, is more efficiently absorbed by the human body compared to vegetarian source, which is derived from plant sources and fortified foods. Iron Bioavailability and Absorption Factors Influencing Iron Absorption Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C): Improves iron absorption from vegetarian sources by converting it to a more …

Iron deficiency and anemia are significant concerns among athletes, particularly in female athletes. Due to increased physical activity and other factors, athletes may experience higher rates of iron deficiency and iron-deficiency anemia, impacting their performance and overall health. Iron Deficiency in Athletes Exercise-Induced Iron Loss: Athletes are prone to iron deficiency due to increased iron requirements from hard training, which promotes red blood cell production and iron loss through sweating. Prevalence: In female marathon runners, the prevalence of iron deficiency is as high as 28%, much higher than the general …

Iron deficiency is common in women’s health, often due to blood loss or issues related to the upper digestive tract. Iron deficiency can cause several symptoms like constant tiredness, trouble focusing, poor exercise performance, and a lower quality of life.  Oral Iron formulations are commonly used to treat or prevent iron deficiency anemia. They help with iron deficiency but can cause side effects and has suboptimal efficacy due to limited absorption. Iron supplements come in different forms, such as tablets, capsules, drops, slow-release tablets, chewable tablets, and liquids. The type …